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Japanese Style in Marunouchi

Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum Collection I Highlights of the ''Tea Party à la Japonaise from the Davey Collection'' Exhibition

Japonisme created a sensation in the West during the latter half of the 19th century. How was the concept of ''Japan'' received and cherished in distant foreign lands? This Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum exhibition, ''Tea Party à la Japonaise from the Davey Collection,'' sheds light on just how deeply and widely the influence of Japonisme penetrated not only artistic spheres, but also people's everyday lives. Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum curator, Akiko Kato, guides us through the highlights of this exhibition.

The age of Japonisme

The latter half of the 19th century marked a period of rapid change for Japan as the Edo period (1603-1867) came to an end and the Meiji era (1868-1912) began. And as the country came out of seclusion, all at once Japanese culture and technology began flowing to the West. When traditional Japanese arts and crafts were introduced at international expositions around the world, Westerners were instantly fascinated by the culture from this far-off foreign country, and their contact with it generated a stream of new forms of expression. This was the phenomenon known as Japonisme. It all began with artists who converted and embarked upon new creative endeavors.

Japonisme in everyday objects

Eventually Japonisme became deeply melded in the daily lives of people in those times. The ceramics, silverware and so forth you see in this exhibition are examples of what is called ''industrial art.'' Although each one is highly prized, they are not the kind of one-off masterpieces that former royalty and the aristocracy would have owned.

After the Industrial Revolution, the middle class grew in strength and began to adopt the luxury of small daily customs that brought pleasure and richness to their lives. The ceramics and silverware such as are shown in this exhibition were regarded as essential to this lifestyle. Of course they were also people with a certain degree of wealth, but it is interesting that ordinary people, who were neither artists nor enthusiastic collectors of Eastern art, chose to use items manufactured under the influence of Japonisme, in order to set the stage of their indoor living space and, by extension, their own lives.

What is the Davey Collection?

At the center of this exhibition is the collection entrusted to this museum by US-based art collectors, John and Miyoko Unno Davey. This collection of valuable fine art artifacts and crafts was collected by the couple in New York over the course of nearly a quarter of a century, starting in 1984. They apparently began collecting after they started living in a famous old building in New York built in the 1880s. In the course of looking for items to go with that space, they found they had unintentionally acquired a collection of pieces of Japonisme design dating from the 1870s to the 1910s. As the two were not particularly devoted fans of Japonisme, their collection is a testimony as to just how deeply Japonisme pervaded the daily lives and lifestyles of people at the end of the 19th century.

Don't miss the Tiffany silverware

The exhibition contains many masterpieces in ceramics, silverware and glass from all the famous names one would expect to see-Tiffany, Minton, Royal Worcester and Galle-but even amongst these the Tiffany silverware stands out as a major highlight. Edward C. Moore, who was a driving force behind Tiffany's being so quick to pick up on Japonisme, was also a truly unparalleled craftsman. He was a passionate collector of Japanese fine arts and crafts, and used this enormous collection as the basis for an assiduous study of metalworking techniques as well as Japanese design. He then produced original mixed metal silverware pieces with inlays of gold and copper. Items representative of the kind of Japonisme-influenced silverware that Tiffany produced can be seen in the exhibition.

Tiffany & co. / Edward C. Moore
Vase with Japanese beauties making fan design
USA | 1878 | Silver, copper, gold

The technical skills that underpinned Japonisme

Tiffany was not the only manufacturer to collect Japanese arts and crafts-other big names such as Minton and Royal Worcester also had major collections. These were used for the study of techniques and skills, resulting in the manufacture of magnificent items by craftsmen whose talent was nothing short of eye-opening, and which could well have been made by Japanese artisans. At the same time, even craftsmen not particularly expert in Japonisme could easily reproduce Japanese designs by using, for example, the Royal Worcester manufacturing method that made use of copperplate printing, and which opened the way to mass production. Technical innovations such as these helped to spread Japonisme.

Worcester Royal Porcelain Co.
Group of amphoras with auspicious motifs 1878

A peek at a fin de siècle tea party

This exhibition also has a tea party angle to it. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century-a period in which Japonisme-infused everyday objects were treasured-was a time when tea parties were very popular. The tea party, which originally became popular in the late seventeenth century Holland, was revived amongst English aristocrats in the 1840s, eventually spreading to the middle classes. In the 1870s, afternoon tea became a highly familiar daily custom. The 28-piece teacup collection that decorated the tables in those times is bright and gay,

and will be enjoyed by female visitors in particular. There is also a room displaying pieces as part of a table setting, not just as individual items, to give visitors a feel for the kind of atmosphere that these objects were used in. Housekeeping manuals that were popular at the time often contained articles about how to make light meals for afternoon tea; similarly, this exhibition also includes a few period recipes for tea party cakes and sweets.

Sèvres Porcelain Factory Twa service with bamboo design
France |1862-76 | Porcelain

Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum Collection I '' Tea Party à la Japonaise from the Davey Collection'' Exhibition

Dates:

June 14 (Tuesday) to August 21(Sunday), 2011

Museum hours:

Tuesdays, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays 10:00-18:00
Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays 10:00-20:00

Closed:

Mondays, but will open on July 18 and August 15

Museum website:

http://mimt.jp/omotenashi/

TEXT: Terue Kawai

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